Biocontrol Microbes in Plant Protection

Sustainable agriculture relies on protecting crops from insect pests to increase yield and food quality. While chemical insecticides have been widely used to control pests, they are toxic to beneficial organisms, animals, humans, and plants, and they persist in the environment. Therefore, alternative strategies to reduce chemical use are needed. Microbial insect pathogens, such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria, offer a promising solution. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the most effective insect pathogen, showing specific insect control properties. Additionally, Bt genes have been incorporated into crop plants to enhance their insect resistance. Using microbial pathogens or their genes can boost agricultural productivity while reducing reliance on harmful chemicals, supporting Sustainable Development Goals.