The reproductive tract microbiome and health
Katia Capuccini, Mark Sullivan and David A. MacIntyre
Mummy: my vagina has bacteria growing in it?
The female reproductive tract is home to a complex and unique community of microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiota. These microbes play a crucial role in influencing health and disease throughout different stages of a woman's life. At birth, microbes acquired during or shortly after delivery begin to colonize the infant's gut and lower reproductive tract, including the vagina and cervix. The gradual dominance of Lactobacillus species in the lower reproductive tract microbiome is linked to good health and is shaped by hormonal changes, such as those occurring during puberty and after menopause.
During a woman's reproductive years, the composition of the vaginal microbiome can fluctuate in response to the menstrual cycle or external factors like antibiotic use or certain hygiene practices. A reduction in Lactobacillus species and increased microbial diversity can heighten the risk of infections, including sexually transmitted diseases.
During pregnancy, shifts in the microbiome can trigger premature inflammation in gestational tissues, potentially leading to preterm labor and birth. Given its role in these health outcomes, the reproductive tract microbiome has significant implications for achieving Sustainable Development Goals related to health and well-being.