Compatible Solutes: Our and Their Protectants

Microorganisms thrive in harsh environments like salt lakes by producing compatible solutes, which retain water and protect against stress. These solutes shield proteins, membranes, and cells from heat, dryness, freezing, thawing, and radiation. Ectoine, a key compatible solute, is used in sunscreens, cosmetics, and anti-inflammatory products due to its protective properties. It may also prevent amyloid protein misfolding linked to Alzheimer's and prion diseases and enhance vaccine stability for longer storage and transport without refrigeration.